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                    动态内存分配
            
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                    实验指导四
            
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                    打包为磁盘镜像
            
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                    条件变量
            
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                    小结
            
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                    实验一：中断
            
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                    实验六：系统调用
            
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<p>Rust &#x793E;&#x533A;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; cargo-binutils &#x9879;&#x76EE;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5E2E;&#x52A9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#x5730;&#x8C03;&#x7528; Rust &#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x7684; LLVM binutils&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7528;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x5B83;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p></p><p class="code-label">&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;</p><p></p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">cargo install cargo-binutils
rustup component add llvm-tools-preview
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>rust-objdump --version</code> &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x770B;&#x770B;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x6210;&#x529F;&#x3002;</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>[info] rust-objdump &#x627E;&#x4E0D;&#x5230;&#xFF1F;</strong></p>
<p><code>cargo install</code> &#x4F1A;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x5C06;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x5230; <code>${HOME}/.cargo/bin</code> &#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x52A0;&#x5165;&#x5230; <code>$PATH</code> &#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4E2D;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x5C31;&#x80FD;&#x627E;&#x5230;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7684; rust-objdump &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>[info] &#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#xFF1A;GNU &#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x94FE;</strong></p>
<p>&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x7684; LLVM &#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x94FE;&#x4EE5;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; GNU &#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x94FE;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x8FD8;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E86; GCC &#x7B49; C &#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x94FE;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728; <a href="https://www.sifive.com/boards#software" target="_blank">https://www.sifive.com/boards#software</a> &#x4E0A;&#x53BB;&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x6700;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x9002;&#x5408;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x9884;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x3002;</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h3>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x4EA7;&#x7269;&#x4E3A; <code>os/target/riscv64imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/os</code>&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5148;&#x770B;&#x770B;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p></p><p class="code-label">&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;</p><p></p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ file target/riscv64imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/os
target/riscv64imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/os: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, UCB RISC-V, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, with debug_info, not stripped
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4ECE;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x51FA;&#x5B83;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; 64 &#x4F4D;&#x7684; elf &#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x662F; RISC-V&#xFF1B;&#x94FE;&#x63A5;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x4E3A;&#x9759;&#x6001;&#x94FE;&#x63A5;&#xFF1B;not stripped &#x6307;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x91CC;&#x9762;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#x8868;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x672A;&#x88AB;&#x5254;&#x9664;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x5728;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x65F6;&#x4F1A;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#xFF0C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x63A5;&#x4E0B;&#x6765;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x521A;&#x521A;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x94FE;&#x4E2D;&#x7684; rust-objdump &#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x770B;&#x770B;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p></p><p class="code-label">&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;</p><p></p>
<pre><code class="lang-clike">$ rust-objdump target/riscv64imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/os -x --arch-name=riscv64

target/riscv64imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/os:    file format ELF64-riscv

architecture: riscv64
start address: 0x0000000000011000

Sections:
Idx Name          Size     VMA          Type
  0               00000000 0000000000000000
  1 .text         0000000c 0000000000011000 TEXT
  2 .debug_str    000004f6 0000000000000000
  3 .debug_abbrev 0000010e 0000000000000000
  4 .debug_info   00000633 0000000000000000
  5 .debug_aranges 00000040 0000000000000000
  6 .debug_ranges 00000030 0000000000000000
  7 .debug_macinfo 00000001 0000000000000000
  8 .debug_pubnames 000000ce 0000000000000000
  9 .debug_pubtypes 000003a2 0000000000000000
 10 .debug_frame  00000068 0000000000000000
 11 .debug_line   00000059 0000000000000000
 12 .comment      00000012 0000000000000000
 13 .symtab       00000108 0000000000000000
 14 .shstrtab     000000b4 0000000000000000
 15 .strtab       0000002d 0000000000000000

SYMBOL TABLE:
0000000000000000 l    df *ABS*    00000000 3k1zkxjipadm3tm5
0000000000000000         .debug_frame    00000000
0000000000011000         .text    00000000
0000000000011000         .text    00000000
0000000000011000         .text    00000000
000000000001100c         .text    00000000
0000000000000000         .debug_ranges    00000000
0000000000000000         .debug_info    00000000
0000000000000000         .debug_line    00000000 .Lline_table_start0
0000000000011000 g     F .text    0000000c _start
Program Header:
    PHDR off    0x0000000000000040 vaddr 0x0000000000010040 paddr 0x0000000000010040 align 2**3
         filesz 0x00000000000000e0 memsz 0x00000000000000e0 flags r--
    LOAD off    0x0000000000000000 vaddr 0x0000000000010000 paddr 0x0000000000010000 align 2**12
         filesz 0x0000000000000120 memsz 0x0000000000000120 flags r--
    LOAD off    0x0000000000001000 vaddr 0x0000000000011000 paddr 0x0000000000011000 align 2**12
         filesz 0x0000000000001000 memsz 0x0000000000001000 flags r-x
   STACK off    0x0000000000000000 vaddr 0x0000000000000000 paddr 0x0000000000000000 align 2**64
         filesz 0x0000000000000000 memsz 0x0000000000000000 flags rw-

Dynamic Section:
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x6309;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x9010;&#x4E2A;&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>start address&#xFF1A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x5165;&#x53E3;&#x5730;&#x5740;</li>
<li>Sections&#xFF1A;&#x4ECE;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5404;&#x6BB5;&#x7684;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x4EE5; debug &#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x7684;&#x6BB5;&#x662F;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;</li>
<li>SYMBOL TABLE&#xFF1A;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#x8868;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E2D;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982; <code>_start</code> &#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5C31;&#x4F4D;&#x4E8E;&#x5165;&#x53E3;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x4E0A;</li>
<li>Program Header&#xFF1A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x65F6;&#x6240;&#x9700;&#x7684;&#x6BB5;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;<ul>
<li>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x7684; off &#x662F;&#x5B83;&#x5728;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF0C;vaddr &#x548C; paddr &#x662F;&#x8981;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x548C;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#xFF0C;align &#x89C4;&#x5B9A;&#x4E86;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x9F50;&#xFF0C;filesz &#x548C; memsz &#x5206;&#x522B;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5B83;&#x5728;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x548C;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#xFF0C;flags &#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x4E86;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#xFF08;r &#x8868;&#x793A;&#x53EF;&#x8BFB;&#xFF0C;w &#x8868;&#x793A;&#x53EF;&#x5199;&#xFF0C;x &#x8868;&#x793A;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#xFF09;</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x662F; <code>-x</code> &#x6765;&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7528; <code>-d</code> &#x6765;&#x5BF9;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x53CD;&#x6C47;&#x7F16;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p></p><p class="code-label">&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;</p><p></p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ rust-objdump target/riscv64imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/os <span class="hljs-_">-d</span> --arch-name=riscv64

target/riscv64imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/os:    file format ELF64-riscv

Disassembly of section .text:

0000000000011000 _start:
   11000: 41 11                            addi    sp, sp, -16
   11002: 06 e4                            sd    ra, 8(sp)
   11004: 22 e0                            sd    s0, 0(sp)
   11006: 00 08                            addi    s0, sp, 16
   11008: 09 a0                            j    2
   1100a: 01 a0                            j    0
</code></pre>
<p>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; <code>_start</code> &#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x91CC;&#x9762;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x90FD;&#x4E0D;&#x505A;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6B7B;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x955C;&#x50CF;">&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x955C;&#x50CF;</h3>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684; elf &#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x6709;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x7279;&#x70B9;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x542B;&#x6709;&#x5197;&#x4F59;&#x7684;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4F53;&#x79EF;&#x8F83;&#x5927;</li>
<li>&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5BF9; Program Header &#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x624B;&#x52A8;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x624D;&#x80FD;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x5404;&#x6BB5;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x8FD9;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E86;&#x89E3; Program Header &#x7684;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4EE5;&#x5B57;&#x8282;&#x4E3A;&#x5355;&#x4F4D;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x89E3;&#x6790;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x624B;&#x6BB5;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF1B;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x89E3;&#x6790; elf &#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5DE5;&#x5177; rust-objcopy &#x4ECE; elf &#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p></p><p class="code-label">&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;</p><p></p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">rust-objcopy target/riscv64imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/os --strip-all -O binary target/riscv64imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/kernel.bin
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x91CC; <code>--strip-all</code> &#x8868;&#x660E;&#x4E22;&#x5F03;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#x8868;&#x53CA;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;<code>-O binary</code> &#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x4E3A;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x81F3;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5E76;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x955C;&#x50CF; <code>kernel.bin</code> &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x63A5;&#x4E0B;&#x6765;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; QEMU &#x6A21;&#x62DF;&#x5668;&#x771F;&#x6B63;&#x5C06;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x8DD1;&#x8D77;&#x6765;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x5728;&#x6B64;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x8FD8;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#xFF1A;<strong>&#x8C03;&#x6574;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x5E03;&#x5C40;</strong>&#x548C;<strong>&#x91CD;&#x5199;&#x5165;&#x53E3;&#x51FD;&#x6570;</strong>&#x3002;</p>
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